1998冬季训练
总题：希伯来书结晶读经
第十四篇　新约（一）其定义与成立
Message Fourteen The New Covenant (1) Its Definition and Enactment
读经：来八7~13，九1，15~23，十19，太二六27~28，路二二20
Scripture Reading: Heb. 8:7-13; 9:1, 15-23; 10:19; Matt. 26:27-28; Luke 22:20
壹　基督的血所完成的新约，不仅是约，更是遗命，将基督的死所成就的一切，遗赠给我们─来九15~17：
I.　The new covenant consummated with the blood of Christ is not merely a covenant but also a testament with all the things which have been accomplished by the death of Christ bequeathed to us—Heb. 9:15-17:
一　约和遗命相同;只是立约者还活着的时候，那就是约;他若死了，那就是遗命。
A.　A covenant and a testament are the same, but when the maker of the covenant is living, it is a covenant, and when he has died, it is a testament.
二　约是合同，带着一些应许，要为受约的人成就一些事;遗命是遗书，带着一些已成就的事实，遗赠给承受的人。
B.　A covenant is an agreement containing some promises to accomplish certain things for the covenanted people; a testament is a will containing certain accomplished things bequeathed to the inheritor.
三　我们若要明白新约，就必须知道应许、起誓、约和遗命的不同：
C.　If we would understand the new covenant, we need to know the difference between a promise, an oath, a covenant, and a testament:
1　神的约是凭神的应许立定为法的，而应许是尚未经过确立的普通、平常的话─八6。
1.　God's covenant is enacted upon God's promise, which is a common, ordinary word without confirmation—8:6.
2　神应许之后，还以起誓为印证;祂凭祂的神格起誓，必成就祂的应许─六13，17。
2.　After God made His promise, He sealed it with an oath, swearing by His Godhead that His promise would be fulfilled—6:13, 17.
3　神的应许一经起誓确立，就立即成为神所印证的约─八7~8。
3.　After God's promise had been confirmed by an oath, it immediately became the covenant sealed by God—8:7-8.
4　立约的那一位死了，使这约得以成为遗命、遗书─九16~17。
4.　The One who made the covenant died so that the covenant might become a testament, a will—9:16-17.
四　新约的内容就是整本新约圣经的内容：
D.　The contents of the new covenant are the contents of the entire New Testament:
1　主在这新遗命里所遗赠给我们的，乃是取用不尽的，这都要借着那灵给我们经历并享受，直到永远─九15。
1.　The bequests bequeathed to us by the Lord in the new testament are inexhaustible, and they are for us to experience and enjoy through the Spirit for eternity—9:15.
2　在新约中，神赐给我们赦罪、救恩、生命，和一切属灵、属天、神圣的福分─弗一3。
2.　In the new covenant God gives us forgiveness, salvation, life, and all spiritual, heavenly, and divine blessings—Eph. 1:3.
贰　主耶稣所立的新约，比那借着摩西所立的旧约（第一约）更美─来七22：
II.　The new covenant, which the Lord Jesus enacted, is better than the old covenant, the first covenant, made through Moses—Heb. 7:22:
一　新约在性质、品质和样式上都是新的─八8~13，路二二20：
A.　The new covenant is new in nature, quality, and form—8:8-13; Luke 22:20:
1　旧约有瑕疵，是软弱无益的，所以废掉了─来七18，八7。
1.　The old covenant was faulty, weak, and unprofitable; hence, it was annulled—Heb. 7:18; 8:7.
2　新约是永远的，是永远有功效的─十三20。
2.　The new covenant is eternal and is eternally effective—13:20.
二　新约是更美之约─七22，八6：
B.　The new covenant is a better covenant—7:22; 8:6:
1　新约是凭更美的应许而立的，也是借着基督更美的祭物和基督更美的血所完成的─耶三一31~34，来八10~12，九23，12，14。
1.　The new covenant was enacted upon better promises and consummated with Christ's better sacrifices and the better blood of Christ—Jer. 31:31-34; Heb. 8:10-12; 9:23, 12, 14.
2　这更美之约的大祭司，在更大、更全备的帐幕里，尽更超特的职任─八6，九11。
2.　The High Priest of this better covenant ministers with a more excellent ministry in the greater and more perfect tabernacle—8:6; 9:11.
3　旧约是无生命的，是凭外面字句的律法立的，但新约是由不能毁坏之生命所构成的─七16。
3.　Whereas the old covenant was lifeless, made with the outward law of letters, the new covenant is constituted with the indestructible life—7:16.
三　旧约是律法的约;新约是恩典的约─七19，十29，十二15，28，十三9，加四22~26。
C.　The old covenant was a covenant of law; the new covenant is a covenant of grace—7:19; 10:29; 12:15, 28; 13:9; Gal. 4:22-26.
四　在旧约里，一切都是影儿;在新约里，一切都是实际─来十1。
D.　In the old covenant all things were shadows; in the new covenant everything is reality— Heb. 10:1.
叁　按神圣的原则，神的约需要供物和血;因此，新约是凭更美的祭物，并凭那说更美之言的血所立定的─九23，十二24：
III.　According to the divine principle, God's covenant required the offerings and the blood; hence, the new covenant was enacted with the better sacrifices and with the blood that speaks something better—9:23; 12:24:
一　基督是供物，祂也是流出更美的血，以立定新约，并使这约成为满了神圣遗赠之遗书的那一位。
A.　Christ is the offerings and He is also the One who shed the better blood to enact the new covenant and to make this covenant a will full of divine bequests.
二　在新约里，基督这独一的祭物是一切供物的实际：
B.　In the new covenant Christ, the unique sacrifice, is the reality of all the offerings:
1　基督原是活神永远的儿子，成为肉体，作了人子，并且借着永远的灵，将自己献给神，所以祂这祭物比那些祭牲更美─九23，十11。
1.　As Christ is the eternal Son of the living God incarnated to be the Son of Man who offered Himself to God through the eternal Spirit, so His sacrifices are better than those of animals—9:23; 10:11.
2　基督把自己当作一个祭献上，祂这独一的祭物，一次永远的对付了罪─九14，十12，一3，二17，七27，九26。
2.　Christ offered Himself as one sacrifice, and as the unique sacrifice He has dealt with sins once for all—9:14; 10:12; 1:3; 2:17; 7:27; 9:26.
三　新约的成立需要流出神人的血，就是神儿子耶稣的血，使罪得赦─太二六28，路二二20，约壹一7，来九12：
C.　The enactment of the new covenant required the shedding of the blood of the God-man, the blood of Jesus, the Son of God, for the forgiveness of sins—Matt. 26:28; Luke 22:20; 1 John 1:7; Heb. 9:12:
1　没有赦罪，就无法满足神公义的要求，无法使约借此成立。
1.　Without forgiveness of sin there is no way to fulfill the requirement of God's righteousness that by it the covenant may be enacted.
2　基督的血已经流出，使罪得赦，新约也凭祂的血得以成立─太二六28。
2.　Christ's blood has been shed for the forgiveness of sins, and the new covenant has been enacted with His blood—Matt. 26:28.
3　这宝血为我们说话，使新约借这血得以成立;因此，这血称为“永约之血”─来十二24，十三20。
3.　This precious blood speaks for us that by it the new covenant may be enacted; hence, it is called "the blood of an eternal covenant"—Heb. 12:24; 13:20.
四　“这杯是用我血所立的新约，这血是为你们流出来的”─路二二20：
D.　"This cup is the new covenant established in My blood"—Luke 22:20:
1　主流了血，神立了约，而我们享受杯;在这杯里，神和一切属神的都是我们的分。
1.　The Lord shed His blood, God established the covenant, and we enjoy the cup, in which God and all that is of Him are our portion.
2　血是基督为我们所付的代价，约是神为我们所立的契据，杯是我们从神所领受的分。
2.　The blood is the price that Christ paid for us, the covenant is the title deed that God made for us, and the cup is the portion that we receive from God.